A research-focused overview of GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor agonists most commonly studied by South African biohackers and clinicians.
GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide have transformed obesity research over the last five years. In the STEP trials, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide produced an average ~15% reduction in body weight at 68 weeks versus ~2.4% on placebo, by slowing gastric emptying and reducing appetite via hypothalamic GLP-1 receptors. In South Africa, semaglutide is dispensed pharmaceutically as Ozempic and Wegovy, but research-grade material is the same molecule sold for laboratory study only.
Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist; in SURMOUNT-1 the 15 mg weekly dose drove ~22.5% mean weight loss at 72 weeks — meaningfully greater than semaglutide. Retatrutide takes this further as a triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist currently in Phase 3, with Phase 2 data showing ~24% weight loss at 48 weeks. The added glucagon agonism is hypothesised to increase resting energy expenditure on top of appetite suppression.
MOTS-c sits in a different category: it is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide that activates AMPK, improves insulin sensitivity, and supports metabolic flexibility independent of the GLP-1 axis. It is typically researched alongside (not instead of) the incretin-class peptides above where the goal is body recomposition rather than weight on a scale alone.
A novel unimolecular triple agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucagon (GCG) receptors. Pr…
First-in-class dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist. Combines glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonism for superior …
Mitochondrial-derived peptide that activates AMPK, enhances glucose uptake, and promotes metabolic homeostasis and exercise mimetic effects.…
GLP-1 receptor agonist that reduces appetite, slows gastric emptying, and improves insulin sensitivity. Acts on hypothalamic appetite centers to produce sustain…
Peptides are an unscheduled grey area under SAHPRA — they are not approved for human use and are sold strictly for research purposes. Always source HPLC-tested material with a verifiable Certificate of Analysis, store correctly (lyophilised in the fridge or freezer; reconstituted in the fridge for up to 30 days), and review baseline bloodwork before beginning any research protocol.
Research Disclaimer: Information provided for educational and research purposes only. Not FDA or SAHPRA approved for human use. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any protocol.