Also known as: SS-31
Molecular Weight
639.88 Da
Half-Life
2-4 hours
Administration
Subcutaneous injection
Longevity Score
9/10
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that binds with high affinity to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Inhibits cytochrome c peroxidase activity, preventing cardiolipin peroxidation and protecting mitochondrial cristae structure. Accelerates ATP recovery and reduces oxidative damage. Translationally upregulates frataxin protein levels in a dose-dependent manner.
beginner
2.5mg daily
intermediate
5mg daily
advanced
10mg daily
athlete
5mg daily
Frequency: Daily · Duration: 8–12 weeks per cycle; clinical trials used 4–12 week protocols
Week 1-2
Subtle energy improvements
Week 3-4
Noticeable endurance gains, improved NAD+/NADH ratio
Week 5-8
Significant performance enhancement
Long Term
Mitochondrial biogenesis, sustained cristae protection
SS-31 in mitochondrial myopathy (2014)
Improved exercise tolerance in primary mitochondrial myopathy patients
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.09.003MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide that activates AMPK, enhances glucose uptake, and promotes metabolic h…
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View All Longevity Peptides →Research Disclaimer: This information is compiled from published research and is provided for educational purposes only. Peptides discussed here are classified as research chemicals in most jurisdictions and are not FDA-approved for human use unless otherwise noted. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any protocol.