Also known as: SS-31
Molecular Weight
639.88 Da
Half-Life
2-4 hours
Evidence Passport
Evidence strength, status, identity, route and safety are scored separately.
Human evidence
Regulator-reviewed human evidence
Human outcome evidence exists for a defined medicine, formulation and indication.
Development status
Approved medicine — indication-specific
Approval applies only to the authorised product, population and indication.
Identity match
Named compound linked
Sources are linked to the named compound; formulation and product quality remain separate questions.
Route relevance
Study protocol recorded
At least one linked source records a studied protocol; it remains study context, not an instruction.
Safety record
4 documented flags
Documented flags are visible, but absence of a listed risk would not prove safety.
No major catalogue gap is flagged, but personal suitability and product quality remain separate.
3 app-verified sources linked · Version 2026-08-31
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that binds with high affinity to cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Inhibits cytochrome c peroxidase activity, preventing cardiolipin peroxidation and protecting mitochondrial cristae structure. Accelerates ATP recovery and reduces oxidative damage. Translationally upregulates frataxin protein levels in a dose-dependent manner.
These topics describe the catalogue's research index. They are not promised outcomes or personal recommendations.
SS-31 in mitochondrial myopathy (2014)
Improved exercise tolerance in primary mitochondrial myopathy patients
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.09.003MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide that activates AMPK, enhances glucose uptake, and promotes metabolic h…
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View All Longevity Peptides →Research Disclaimer: This information is compiled from published research and is provided for educational purposes only. Peptides discussed here are classified as research chemicals in most jurisdictions and are not FDA-approved for human use unless otherwise noted. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any protocol.